“Teaching News Literacy in the Age of AI”

Book Summary

Get the tools and strategies you need to help students understand why news matters and how to navigate the journalism landscape in the age of AI, misinformation and conspiratorial thinking. 

News literacy is critical to understanding the role that information and a free press play in our lives, and to maintaining a robust democracy. However, effective news literacy education resources at the K-12 level are hard to find. This book fills the gap, offering a civic-minded and globally oriented perspective to help teachers integrate news literacy across curriculum areas to guide students in learning about the importance of journalism in our world.

Through practical tools, resources and lesson plan ideas, the book helps educators foster the skills students need to become discerning consumers and creative producers of news. Educators will develop strategies for sparking meaningful classroom discussions that empower students to evaluate, interpret and synthesize information, pushing students beyond the concept of “fake news” to become expert critical thinkers and content creators.

This book includes:

  • Guidance in every chapter on how to address news literacy in the context of AI
  • A menu of resources for further exploration, such as podcasts, videos and digital tools
  • Guiding and reflection questions
  • An Action Plan Template and cross-curricular examples linked to ISTE and content Standards to help teachers integrate news literacy in classrooms and learning spaces
  • An introduction to tools such as the News Literacy Project’s Framework for Teaching News Literacy and the MediaWise Teen Fact-Checking Network
The cross-disciplinary approach of this book gives readers knowledge and resources to help students navigate today’s news and media landscape as expert chroniclers, curators and content creators.

Audience: Elementary and secondary classroom teachers, library media specialists, tech coaches, curriculum coordinators, youth and media advocates 
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Resources by Chapter

The chapter links below include supplemental materials and resources for a deeper dive into news literacy and the book’s content. Resources include organizations, professional development opportunities, reading lists for students and educators, articles, podcasts, educational games and more for extended learning. I welcome suggestions for additional resources to include and also encourage readers to sign up for my monthly newsletter which will feature additional tips, strategies and topics related to news literacy. See the “Let’s Get in Touch” section of this website!

Organizations with a News and Media Literacy Education Focus

  • News Literacy Project
    • Description: The News Literacy Project offers comprehensive resources for educators, students, and the general public. It includes lesson plans, interactive tools, and tips for spotting misinformation.
  • MediaWise (Poynter Institute)
    • Description: MediaWise is a project of the Poynter Institute that focuses on teaching digital literacy skills to consumers. It offers fact-checking techniques, educational videos, and a Crash Course on Media Literacy.
    • Website: MediaWise
  • FactCheck.org
    • Description: A nonpartisan, nonprofit “consumer advocate” for voters that monitors the factual accuracy of what is said by major U.S. political players in the form of TV ads, debates, speeches, interviews, and news releases.
    • Website: FactCheck.org
  • Snopes
    • Description: A widely-known fact-checking website that investigates rumors, urban legends, and misinformation. It covers a wide range of topics and provides in-depth analysis of popular claims.
    • Website: Snopes
  • AllSides
    • Description: AllSides provides balanced news from multiple perspectives. It rates news sources based on their bias and provides articles on the same topic from sources with different political leanings.
    • Website: AllSides
  • Center for Media Literacy
    • Description: This center provides media literacy education resources and professional development for educators. It offers comprehensive materials to help individuals critically analyze media messages.
    • Website: Center for Media Literacy
  • Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook
  • Duke University Reporters Fact-Checking Lab
    • Description: Focuses on journalism innovation, fact-checking, and developing technology to assess the credibility of information.
    • Website: Duke University Reporters Lab
  • Information Futures Lab: Brown University
    • Description: Engages in research and education on media and technology’s future, including its impacts on society. IFL Fellows currently piloting “Eight Solutions to Meet the Information Crisis”
    • Website: Brown School of Public Health
  • Media Education Lab (University of Rhode Island)
    • Description: Provides resources, research, and professional development for educators.
    • Website: Media Education Lab
  • National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE)
    • Description: Promotes media literacy education through resources, conferences, and networking opportunities.
    • Website: NAMLE
  • NewseumED
    • Description: Offers educational resources on media literacy, journalism, and the First Amendment.
    • Website: NewseumED
  • NiemanLab (Nieman Foundation at Harvard)
    • Description: Publishes articles and research on journalism, media innovation, and the future of news.
    • Website: NiemanLab
  • Project Look Sharp (Ithaca College)
  • RAND Corporation
  • Stanford History Education Group (SHEG)
  • The Media Literacy Clearinghouse
    • Description: Created by Frank W. Baker, a former broadcast journalist and media literacy instructor, in 1998 to give educators for students in kindergarten through 12th grade (ages 5-18) a site offering age- and grade-appropriate resources for teaching media literacy. It provides tools and information for educators who want to learn more about media literacy and integrate the topic into the classroom.
  • Media Literacy Now
    • Description: Media Literacy Now leverages the passion and resources of the media literacy community to inform and drive policy change at local, state, and national levels in the U.S. to ensure all K-12 students are taught media literacy so that they become confident and competent media consumers and creators.
  • News Co/Lab
    • Description: An initiative from the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. It was created in 2017 to help the public find new ways of engaging with news and other information. Its offerings include a “cookbook” of best practices related to education, equipment, tools and transparency.
  • The New York Times Learning Network
    • Description: Uses articles, essays, photos, videos and graphics from The New York Times as the basis for a variety of classroom resources — lesson plans, writing prompts, quizzes and student contests — that are published daily during the U.S. school year. Check out “Promoting Literacy with Journalism Education”

News Literacy Courses and Curricula
The providers below offer comprehensive resources for news literacy, from courses for teachers and students (from just a few hours to weeks) to a curriculum linked to a scope and sequence and standards.

  • Checkology (by the News Literacy Project): Free lessons focusing on fact-checking and journalistic skills, all hosted by experts. NLP also offers “The Sift” newsletter, News Lit Nation and a News Literacy Certificate Course available online for educators
  • Civic Online Reasoning (by the Stanford History Education Group): This research-based curriculum features foundational lessons and smart assessments for building students’ critical thinking skills.
  • CTRL-F (by CIVIX): This seven-hour course features four lessons that give students an expert-backed approach to fact-checking news and media on the web.
  • Ground News: a course that explores a host of media literacy terms, skills, and concepts. Program resources include explainer videos, vocabulary pages and guided activities for using Ground News in the K-12 classroom. 
  • Media Literacy Clearinghouse: Media Literacy Clearinghouse is Frank Baker’s extensive database of classroom resources organized by medium, concept and teaching standard. MLC provides a curated list of PBS Learning Media videos that would be helpful for any teacher who wanted to teach media literacy.
  • MediaSmarts Journalism and News section: searchable by grade level
  • Navigating Digital Information (Crash Course): Entertaining and engaging video series hosted by John Green and produced in partnership with MediaWise, the Poynter Institute, and the Stanford History Education Group.
  • NewsU (by the Poynter Institute): While a lot of these courses will cost you and are more directed at adults pursuing careers in journalism, there are a few free, shorter courses that could work well for K-12 educators and students. For instance, Hands-On Fact-Checking: A Short Course is a 90-minute, free intro to fact-checking.
  • NewsWise (UK): cross-curricular lesson plans, online resources, a teacher guide and journalism workshops for 9-11 year-olds. Materials are mapped to the PSHE Programme of Study and are free to all schools across the UK.
  • Project Look Sharp (by Ithaca College): Over 500 lessons across all grade levels that support an open-ended, inquiry-driven approach to “media decoding.” Take note that you’ll need an account to access the materials. For school librarians: Media Decoding Course (9 weeks) To apply, email: [email protected] Teaching with the News Choices Program, Brown University
  • Common Sense Education: A best-of-the-best collection of resources for teaching and learning about news literacy, organized by key topic areas.

Books: Non Fiction (Source)

Upper Elementary and Middle School

  • Can You Believe It? how to spot fake news and find the facts by Joyce Grant; Kathleen Marcotte (Illustrator): Explores how real journalism is made, what “fake news” is and, most importantly, how to spot the difference. It’s chock-full of practical advice, thought-provoking examples and tons of relevant information on subjects that range from bylines and credible sources to influencers and clickbait. It gives readers context they can use, such as how bias can creep into news reporting, why celebrity posts may not be truthful and why they should be suspicious of anything that makes them feel supersmart. Author and journalist Joyce Grant encourages readers to approach what they find online with skepticism and helps them hone their critical thinking skills to make good choices about what to believe and share.

  • Facts vs. Opinions vs. Robots by Michael Rex (Illustrator): A hilarious, timely conversation about the differences between facts and opinions, by the creator of the New York Times bestseller Goodnight Goon. Author Mike Rex introduces young readers to the very important distinction between facts and opinions, and he reminds us that it is nice to listen to one another’s opinions, and to stand up for the facts.

  • Fake News by Kari A. Cornell. ReferencePoint/Brightpoint. 2019. ISBN 9781682827154: Gr 3-7–This authoritative work clearly describes the basics of fake news for upper elementary and middle school students. Of particular note, the text contains fascinating examples of the use of propaganda in early United States history. Readers are advised to be wary of doctored photos as a tool in fake news, an aspect often missing from elementary works on the topic.

  • What Is Propaganda? by Matt Doeden. Lerner. 2019. ISBN 9781541555761: Gr 3-6–This helpful primer provides a clear definition of the term, including how it’s sometimes factual and how it’s used by governments and organizations to stir up emotions about issues.

  • What’s Fake News? by Joyce Jeffries. Rosen/KidHaven. 2019. ISBN 9781534525832: Gr 3-5–This basic introduction to fake news outlines the issues for elementary readers. The clear, concise writing explains the major aspects, including social media, misuse of the term fake news, distrust of the media, and the importance of talking to adults about factual and fake news. This should be a staple in every elementary collection.

  • Building Your Knowledge in the Digital World by Megan Kopp. Crabtree. 2018. ISBN 9780778745884: Gr 4-6–A well-rounded introduction for upper elementary students that shows them how to conduct effective online research. Each two-page spread details different aspects of research; many spreads pertain to spotting fake news. Readers learn how to determine credible URLs and sources, avoid ads, recognize misinformation, and understand the importance of citations.

Middle and High School

  • Chasing the Truth: A Young Journalist’s Guide to Investigative Reporting: She Said Young Readers Edition Paperback – September 6, 2022 by  Ruby Shamir  (Adapter), Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey: This young readers adaptation of the New York Times bestselling She Said by Pulitzer Prize winning reporters’ Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey. They share their thoughts from their early days writing their first stories to their time as award-winning investigative journalists, offering tips and advice along the way. It tells the story of the Harvey Weinstein investigation, while also sharing their best reporting practices with readers.

  • How Does Fake News Threaten Society? by John Allen. ReferencePoint. Oct. 2020. ISBN 9781682828793: Gr 8 Up–This comprehensive overview of modern fake news focuses on two major areas of our society: politics and medical information. The text also discusses topics not usually mentioned in other works, such as deepfake videos, social media influencers, and microtagging. This in-depth resource also includes a chapter detailing how fake news influences teens, which helps make it stand out from the crowd.

  • Fake News: Separating Truth from Fiction by Michael Miller. Lerner/Twenty-First Century. 2019. ISBN 9781541528147: Gr 8 Up–This detailed resource outlines the basics of modern-day examples of fake news, including why it’s used, its effects on society, and how to identify truth from fiction. Two chapters of note: “Who Believes Fake News” and “Fake News & Free Speech” provides thoughtful discussions that would be useful fodder for classroom lessons.

  • True or False: A CIA Analyst’s Guide to Spotting Fake News by Cindy L. Otis. Feiwel & Friends. Jul. 2020. ISBN 9781250239495: Gr 8 Up–An excellent and thoroughly engaging resource for educators and high school students looking to debunk fake news. The text starts with a comprehensive look at fake news and propaganda campaigns throughout history. The second half provides detailed information and exercises. Readers learn how to spot fake news and check their bias at the door. A title that should be required reading.

  • Fake News and Propaganda by Fiona Young-Brown. Cavendish Square. 2019. ISBN 9781502644961: Gr 7 Up–A brief but balanced overview of the topic for middle and high school students, which includes liberal and conservative examples of historical and modern-day instances of fake news and propaganda. This title provides an international perspective and a discussion of how governments in some European countries (France and Germany) are fighting fake news through legislation.

  • Science and the Skeptic: Discerning Fact from Fiction, by Marc Zimmer Twenty-First Century Bks. Feb. 2022. 120p. Tr $37.32: With the goal of teaching readers “how to distinguish fake science from the real deal,” chemistry professor Zimmer breaks down the scientific method, politically motivated disputes over and disavowals of scientific topics, and quackery—providing 20 succinct and easy-to-understand rules for telling the differences between legitimate scientific discoveries and hoaxes. Interwoven in the book’s accessible narrative are special highlighted sections on timely scientific controversies, including COVID, climate change, anti-vax protesters, and GMO foods. The book concludes with a glossary of key terms; detailed source notes; a selected bibliography; a list of books, fact-checking websites, and online science news sources for even further inquiry; and an index.

Books: Educators and Librarians

  • Fact vs. Fiction: Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in the Age of Fake News by Jennifer LaGarde and Darren Hudgins: International Society for Technology in Education. 2018. ISBN 9781564847041. This title is a valuable tool for educators looking for a one-stop list of online resources for working with upper-elementary through high school students. Chapters six and seven provide an extensive list of resources, including lesson plans, fake news examples, articles, games, infographics, and summaries from educators who have implemented lessons. Despite its 2018 pub date, the majority of featured URLs are still active.

  • News Literacy: The Keys to Combating Fake News by Michelle Luhtala & Jacquelyn Whiting. Libraries Unlimited. 2018. ISBN 9781440861529: High school media specialists looking to develop a comprehensive information literacy curriculum will find this invaluable. Twenty-six detailed lesson plans unpack the gamut of information literacy, including evaluating sources, opinions and editorials, parody, propaganda, fact-checking, and First Amendment rights. An overview of the stages of research and rubrics with humorous pop culture references are included.

Fact Checking Websites

  • FactCheck.org: “…a nonpartisan, nonprofit “consumer advocate” for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics.”

  • Politifact: “…a fact-checking website that rates the accuracy of claims by elected officials and others who speak up in American politics.”

  • AllSides.com: “Free people from filter bubbles so they can better understand the world and each other.”

  • MediaBiasFactCheck.com: Want to know exactly which news sites are right-, left-, center-leaning or fake? Find out here!

  • International Fact-Checking Network (Poynter Institute): “…dedicated to bringing together fact-checkers worldwide” and “…promoting best practices and exchanges in this field.”

  • FactualSearch.news (FactualNewsSearch): a Google Custom Search Engine using the reporting classifications of Media Bias/Fact Check website. Only sites with factual reporting of High or Very High are included. No information is collected by this site. Your search query is sent directly to Google, and is not monitored in any way by factualsearch.news.”

Media Ethics Resources

  • Find the Facts, by TIME for Kids: Help younger students understand how journalists verify news with this article featuring interviews with two TIME fact-checkers.

  • Here’s What Non-Fake News Looks Like, by the Columbia Journalism Review: This article breaks down what distinguishes news reports written by journalists from fake news articles and sites.

  • Student Press Law Center: This site offers extensive resources for student journalists. Resources offered include a public records request template and a library of key court cases/precedents for student journalists. Frank LaMonte, First Amendment lawyer, educator and former executive director of SPLC, has even providing virtual Q&A sessions with my students. He is the lead author of the SPLC’s reference book, Law of the Student Press.

Lesson Plans and Curriculum Connections

  • Democracy’s Watchdog, by the News Literacy Project: Focusing on investigative reporting, this lesson shows students the way the press has been crucial to defending democracy.

Videos

  • Verifying the Story (Facing History): Learn how journalists work to confirm facts in the midst of breaking news stories.

  • Media and News Literacy Videos: Choose from two dozen covering a variety of mis-/disinformation-related topics. Prompt Questions are included to facilitate a class discussion. Source: SFCC Library Misinformation and Media Literacy Research Guide

  • KQED’s Above the Noise: A YouTube series for teens, Above the Noise cuts through the hype and dives deep into the research behind the issues affecting their daily lives. The series investigates controversial subject matter to help young viewers draw their own informed conclusions, while inspiring media literacy and civic engagement. Teachers can also find related lesson plans.

  • Crash Course Media Literacy includes 12 episodes on topics related to news and media literacy including the history of media literacy, media ownership, influence & persuasion, online advertising and more.

Others

  • Practicing Quality Journalism, by the News Literacy Project: Both a game and an interactive lesson, this experience (available in both English and Spanish) has students play the role of a reporter as they learn journalistic standards.

Podcasts and Games

  • That smiling LinkedIn profile face might be a computer-generated fake: “By using fake profiles, companies can cast a wide net online without beefing up their own sales staff or hitting LinkedIn’s limits on messages. But these computer-generated LinkedIn profile photos illustrate how a technology that has been used to propagate misinformation and harassment online has made its way to the corporate world.”

  • Media Literacy Moments: “MediaSmarts is a Canadian not-for-profit charitable organization for digital and media literacy. Provides insights and resources that will help parents, teachers and students navigate the media landscape.

Is That A Fact?

  • Is That A Fact? News Literacy Project: “In the first 10-episode season of our podcast Is that a fact?, we explore the question of how American democracy can survive the onslaught of misinformation that has infected our political discourse. Host Darragh Worland explores how a toxic information environment is threatening multiple pillars of American democracy through conversations with leading American thinkers, journalists, foreign policy experts, and authors. Together, they seek to help listeners understand how they can become part of the solution to the growing infodemic.”

  • Stop Spreading Misinformation: “I talk about how everyone can help stop the spread of misinformation on social media and ask experts how they would stop the lies.’

  • For Your Misinformation: “Katie and Morgan, best friends and proud American feminists, break down the political issues you need to know without the misinformation that you don’t. We cover everything from fake news, to Jeffrey Epstein, to vaccine distribution. Whether you’re a seasoned political expert or ESPECIALLY if you’re brand new to politics, there’s something for you. Let’s make America into the multiracial democracy we know she can be.”

  • Info Window: “Info Window is a student-run podcast intended to bring awareness to misinformation on the internet. We are members of the College of Business Administration Scholars Academy at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Together, we have collaborated with the Department of Homeland Security with the goal to prevent violence. With this podcast, we hope to inform you about the spread of misinformation and how it can lead to polarization. We also want to provide tools to help you combat this issue in the real world and help you open the window to the truth.”

  • On The Media: WNYC’s weekly investigation into how the media shapes our worldview.

Podcasts for Children

Games

  • Break Your Own News Image Maker: Students have fun making their own images, which can also lead to discussions about the validity of images, image sources, reverse image searches, and how headlines are sometimes used by bad actors to gaslight and spread misinformation. 

  • Factitious: In Factitious, developed by the AU Game Lab, students read short articles along with their source, and then determine if the article is real or not. Utilizing news sources from The Onion to The New Yorker, this game helps students differentiate satire, opinion, and other inaccurate information from reliable articles, through context clues.

  • Bad News: Bad News by DROG invites a student to make up their own disinformation, with the goal of the game to get as many followers as possible. Students can choose how far they go with hypothetical tweets, and how they angle their falsehoods, ranging from emotional appeals, charged vocabulary, and pseudo-science. When a player stretches the truth too far, all credibility is lost along with their follower count.

  • Interland: Google’s Interland, for younger students, is an animated 3D journey through simulated cyberspace that educates players on media literacy, internet safety, and more. The game is made up of four mini-games: Reality River, which prepares learners to recognize inaccurate and dangerous information, Mindful Mountain, which teaches players to be intentional when sharing information on the internet (personal or otherwise), Tower of Treasure, which informs students about best practices for cybersecurity, and Kind Kingdom, which encourages young learners to put their best foot forward, even in digital space. 

  • iReporter: BBC and Aardman’s iReporter teaches news literacy skills through role playing. Players take on the role of a newly hired BBC reporter and are tasked with the quick creation of factual and interesting articles based on breaking news. Throughout the game, students are helped through lively, engaging video clips to learn best journalism practices and ethics all while avoiding disinformation.

  • Harmony Square: In the game Harmony Square, a small town neighbourhood ‘obsessed with democracy’ has its share of troubles as players take on the role of “Chief Disinformation Officer,” bait the square’s ‘living statute’, spread falsehoods about its candidate for ‘bear controller’, and set up a disreputable online news site to attack the local TV anchor.

    Over the course of four short levels, users learn about five manipulation techniques: trolling to provoke outrage; exploiting emotional language to create anger and fear; artificially amplifying reach through bots and fake followers; creating and spreading conspiracy theories; polarizing audiences.

  • Cranky Uncle: In this game, Cranky Uncle teaches participants rhetorical techniques and logical fallacies he  uses to deny science. Climate change, evolution, vaccination, a round Earth – he’s never met a science claim he wouldn’t deny! The deeper you get into the game, the more resilient you become against misinformation.

  • Euphorigen: The Euphorigen Investigation is an escape room adventure, available in two versions – online and popup. The online version is played over video conferencing software (e.g. Teams, Zoom) and web browser. The popup version is a kit that can be downloaded and printed for in-person play. In both versions a *gamehost (e.g. librarian, teacher) facilitates the experience. Players have an opportunity to interact with various deceptive tactics such as manipulated charts, bot accounts, and deepfakes. It’s an experiential rather than skills-based approach for people to think more critically about the information they encounter online. This game is a project of the University of Washington Center for an Informed Public. Interested gamehosts must apply for game hosting access.

  • First Draft: Interactive challenges and training courses for journalists, students and the public.

  • Troll Factory: It’s your first week at the new job at Troll Factory. Your task is to grow your influence on social media — by whatever means necessary. How many people can you reel in? Troll Factory shows you first-hand how information operations work on social media. The goal of the game is to illustrate how fake news, emotive content and bot armies are utilized to affect moods, opinions and decision-making.

  • whichfaceisreal.com and its cousin sites can be an entertaining guessing game for students. It’s an engaging way for students to gain an understanding of the facial image generation capabilities of AI. 

  • #foryou, MediaSmarts, A card game, in which one player is “VidYou” — a social media hosting site. The others are consumers. VidYou uses an algorithm to make as much money as possible via advertising. The goal is for the consumers to understand the algorithm presented by VidYou.

Resources for Teaching Controversial Current Events Topics

  • A Really Simple Guide series (BBC): Posts include topics such as “What is Hamas, and what’s happening in Israel and Gaza?” Guide maps provide students visual support. BBC resources are available to nonsubscribers.

  • The World From A to Z (Carl Azuz): Launched in June 2023 by Azuz, former anchor of CNN Student News/CNN 10. Nine-minute video episodes release each weekday.

Journalism Programs and Internships for High School Students
For students who want to dive deeper, there are more intensive programs that can offer an immersive experience of professional journalism.

  • The New York Times NYC Summer Academy is a pre-college program designed by the New York Times that provides high school students with the opportunity to explore the fields of journalism, media, and technology in New York City. The two-week program allows students to experience the energy and vibrancy of the city while attending workshops and seminars led by Times journalists and other industry professionals. nytedu.com/pre-college/summer-academy/nyc/

  • Northwestern Medill Cherubs Program is a four-week summer program for high school students hosted by the Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications at Northwestern University. The program is designed to provide students with an immersive experience in the field of journalism, including reporting, writing, editing, and multimedia production. www.medill.northwestern.edu/journalism/high-school-programs/

  • The Washington Journalism and Media Conference is a week-long program for high school students, hosted by George Mason University in Washington D.C. The conference brings together students from around the country to participate in workshops and seminars led by industry professionals and academic experts. Students have the opportunity to learn about a variety of media platforms, from print to broadcast to digital, and to explore the role of journalism in a democratic society. wjmc.gmu.edu/

  • LA Times High School Insider offers high school students interested in journalism the opportunity to write for the Los Angeles Times. Students complete writing assignments, receive feedback from editors, and have their work published on the High School Insider website. highschool.latimes.com

  • The Columbia University Summer Journalism Workshop, hosted by the Columbia Scholastic Press Association, is a summer program that gives high school students a deep-dive into the field of journalism, allowing them to practice and improve their skills and rethink publishing strategies. In-person and virtual options are available. cspa.columbia.edu/conventions-and-workshops/summer-journalism-workshop

This Action Plan template is provided to help you organize your ideas and structure your news literacy goals.

It can help you put together “do-nows,” longer activities and projects, lesson plans, even entire courses. It’s intended to be useful in a wide variety of situations—helping you integrate news literacy wherever possible. Where do you have room in what you already teach to fit in news literacy skills builders? This Action Plan will help you find out. Refer to the book for examples of cross-disciplinary plans!